Lesson Report Advanced October 12, 2026

 Hello, Class! This is Towako from MEL School.

How are you doing?

This week, we explored the fashion industry in ELST Reading and practiced two important grammar topics in Bridge Work: reported speech and present and past participles.

In ELST, we learned about the world of high fashion in Paris, including how designers protect their original designs and how the fashion business has changed over time.

In Bridge Work, we practiced reporting what someone said and explored how participles can describe nouns and add information to sentences.

See you next week!

Towako

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<Lesson Review>

ELST Reading B2.1 #9 — Fashion Design

We read about the fashion industry, focusing on Paris and the business behind high-end fashion.

We discussed haute couture, the importance of original designs, and how fashion companies have protected and commercialized their designs.

One interesting point was how fashion businesses have changed. In the past, manufacturers sometimes purchased original designer clothes and reproduced their designs. Today, licensing agreements provide a more formal way for companies to use designs.

As we checked the translation, we focused on understanding not only the vocabulary and sentence structures but also how the fashion industry works.

After reading, you discussed:

Are you interested in fashion?

Remember, the goal of Advanced Reading is not simply to translate English accurately. It is to understand the content, connect it with what you already know, and explore new ideas.

Bridge Work -3

Chapter 34 Unit 1: Ron has a bike he bought last year.

Reporting — Direct and Reported Speech

We practiced changing direct speech into reported speech, paying attention to changes in tense and time expressions.

For example:

Direct speech:

Maria said, "I went to the movies yesterday."

Reported speech:

Maria said that she had gone to the movies the day before.

Notice two changes:

• went → had gone (past → past perfect)

• yesterday → the day before

When reporting what someone said, think about when the original statement was made and when it is being reported. These changes help keep the time relationships clear.

We practiced the sentences together and then in pairs.

Chapter 34 Unit 2: She is the girl I've been talking about.

Present and Past Participles

We studied how -ing forms (present participles) and past participles can describe nouns.

Present participles often describe something performing an action or undergoing a process, while past participles often describe something affected by an action or in a resulting state.

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Lesson Review